2011-2. Archaeology. THE NEW TRYPILLIA CULTURE COPPER OBJECTS
Seven copper objects from a Ukrainian museum collection—mostly hammer-axes and chisels—are introduced as possible Trypillia-period finds. Typology, casting technology, and spectral composition are used to situate them within wider Copper Age metalworking traditions.
Viktor Klochko
THE NEW TRYPILLIA CULTURE COPPER OBJECTS
(5400 – 2800 BC.)
Copper objects, describerd here, are part of the large collection of the
ancient warfare and tools, exhibited at the National Historical Museum
of Ukrainan Armed Forces. All object were occasionally found at the
territory of Ukraine. Possibly seven pieces from this collection belongs
to Trypillia Culture.
1. Hammer-axe, type “Kodor”.
Trypillia A, near 5400-4600 BC.
H= 10, 5 cm, diameter of bush – 2,1 cm .
Casting in clay mold by wax pattern (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find unknown.
Fig 1, – 1.
Analysis 109 (table 1).
2. Hammer-axe, type “Varna”.
Trypillia A, near 5400-4600 BC.
H=16 cm, diameter of bush – 1,7 cm .
Casting in clay mold by wax pattern (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find unknown.
Analysis 108 (table 1).Fig 1, – 2.
Hammer – axes of such types, as “Kodor” and “Varna” (fig.1) were typical for many Copper Age cultures,
like Gumelnitsa (Bulgaria), Tiszapolgar (Hungary and Slovakia)
and Cucuteni-Trypillia (Romania, Moldova, Ukraine).
3. Hammer- axe.
Trypillia A or BI (?).
H=14,5 cm, diameter of bush – 5,1 cm .
Casting in clay mold by wax pattern (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find unknown.
Analysis 111 (table 1). Fig 1, – 3.
Fig. 1.
4. Hammer- axe of Carpathian type – “Sharia”.
Trypillia BI (?), near 4600-4500 BC.
H=19,7 cm, diameter of bush – 2,4×3,2 cm .
Casting in clay mold by wax pattern (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find unknown.
Analysis 106 (table 1). Fig 2, – 4.
5. Hammer-axe of unknown type.
Possibly Trypillia CII, near 3000-2750 BC.
H=11,5 cm, diameter of bush – 2,7 cm .
Casting in clay muld (clay with large amound of organics) from side of “abdomen” – manner,
typical for Early Bronze Age. Type of muld is like described above for Trypillia Culture. Place of find unknown.
Analysis 110 (table 1). Fig. 2 – 5.
Fig. 2.
6. Chisel.
Trypillia A, near 5400-4600 BC.
H = 9,2 cm Casting in clay muld (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find unknown.
Fig.3, – 6.
7. Chisel.
Trypillia A, near 5400-4600 BC (?).
H = 6,5 cm. Casting in clay muld (clay with large amound of organics). Place of find – Kyiv domain.
. Analysis 269 (table 1). Fig.3, – 7
Fig. 3.
Table 1. Spectral analysis of the copper objects
|
№
|
what |
Sn |
Pb |
Zn |
Bi |
Ag |
Sb |
As |
Fe |
Ni |
Co |
|
106 |
Hammer – axe |
‑ |
0,003 |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
0,022 |
0,003 |
|
108 |
Hammer – axe |
0,024 |
0,364 |
‑ |
‑ |
0,084 |
0,098 |
0,141 |
0,212 |
0,038 |
0,008 |
|
109 |
Hammer – axe |
‑ |
0,01 |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
0,113 |
0,038 |
0,008 |
|
110 |
Hammer – axe |
‑ |
0,022 |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
‑ |
0,596 |
0,067 |
0,056 |
0,006 |
|
111 |
Hammer – axe |
‑ |
0,03 |
‑ |
‑ |
0,065 |
0,059 |
0,395 |
0,124 |
0,034 |
‑ |
|
269 |
Chisel |
0,135 |
0,13 |
‑ |
‑ |
0,047 |
0.144 |
0,386 |
0,025 |
0,038 |
0,008 |
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